Takoe Province

Takeo Province

Takeo covers 3563 square kilometers, It consists of 10 districts, 100 communes and 1116 villages.

Tram Kak District Total Communes: 15 Totals Villages: 242

Kirivong District Total Communes: 12 Totals Villages: 114

Daun Keo District Total Communes: 3 Totals Villages: 40

Angkor Borei District Total Communes: 6 Totals Villages: 34

Prey Kabas District Total Communes: 13 Totals Villages: 110

Sam Rong District Total Communes: 11 Totals Villages: 147

Bati District Total Communes: 15 Totals Villages: 168

Triang Diastrict Total Communes: 14 Totals Villages: 154

Koh Andet District Total Communes: 6 Totals Villages: 68

Borei Chulsar District Total Communes: 5 Totals Villages: 39

How to get there!

Distance from Phnom Penh: 78 Kg

Using National Road No: 2

Favourite Transportation: Car

Chruos Phaork
Chruos Phaork How to go: 44 km (1h:6mn) From Provincial Town. Location: Description: Nature Wildlife and Preserves, Location: Pou Village, Preah Bat Choan Chum Commune, Kiri ong District.

Chup Pol Temple

Chup Pol Temple How to go: 3 km (4mn) From Provincial Town. Location: Description: Historical Sites and Buildings, Location: Doun Peaeng Village, Baray Commune, Doun Kae District.

Museum in Takeo

Museum How to go: Location: Description: In Takeo province, there is a museum located at Ang Kor Bo Rey District. The museum is just built under auspice of EU organization for keeping and displaying status and ancient objects of Phnom Da in 16th century for tourists and researchers.

Neang Khmao Temple

Neang Khmao Temple How to go: Location: Description: Located at Ro Vieng Commune, Sam Roung District in 52-Kilometre distance from Phnom Penh and 26 Kilometres from the provincial town of Takeo. This temple made of sandstone and brick abiding by the style of Thmor Koh Keo. It is located in the yard of Neang Khmao pagoda and was built by the king, Jarman IV during 10th century. Most parts of Neang Khmao temple have also been damaged.

Phnom Ba Yang Resort

Phnom Ba Yang Resort How to go: Location: Description: Located at Por Thi Rong village, Preah Bat Choan Chum commune, Kiri Vong District, Takeo province in 121-kilometers distance from Phnom Penh. The resort can be accessible by the National Road No. 2 in three-hour and 15-minute drive via the Districts of Ba Ti, Sam Rong, Daun Keo and Trang. If we drive from the provincial town of Takeo, we will take one Hour and 15 Minutes in 43-Kilometer distance. The temple of Ba Yang was built on the top of 313-metre mountain of Ba Yang in the 7th century 615-635 by the kings Mo Hen Trak Varman and Ey San Varman, the temple made of laterite stone, brick and other kind of stone. Nowadays, the temple is severely ruined, pieces of the temple spread on the ground, the top broken and the laterite fence also completely damaged. Ba Yang is the historical site, which attracts local and international tourists to visit and research about the tourist potential and the heritage masterpiece of Cambodian ancestors. But now, the road is difficult because the ancient roads are damaged and abandoned in the thick forest. Water system to Ba Yang Mountain is a main factor for developing tourism in the area. Tourists cannot visit there is we do not guide them, excepted researchers who still try to research about the Cambodian history. In kiri Vong District, there is a waterfall canal, which has 1000-meter length and six-meter width during the dry season. The waterfall canal has beautiful scenery during rainy season and gives an insight to tourists because the water falls down from the mountain’s top to the rock sounding as music concerting. In the future, if we can keep the water flowing as in rainy season, we expect to gain more Profit. It is convenient for traveling in the dry season.

Phnom Chissor (Chissor Mountain)

Continuing south along Highway 2 and towards Takeo, lyou come upon hthe hilltop temple of Phnom Chilssor. You will see it from a long way off and you seem to be circling around it as you draw near the turnoff. Turn left just beyond the 52 km marker (about 47 km on your odometer from Monivong Circle), where you see a picture sing of the hilltop temple. Follow this dirt road 4.5 km to the foot of Phnom Chissor. It’s a long hike up the stairway to the top, but there are drink stands at the base and also the top. The spectacular views at the top of this huge hill make the hike up worthwhile, with the Damrei Mountains of Kampong Spue Province visible in the west, lakes dotting the entire area and rivers slicing through the glistening rice fields of the countryside. The highest point ofthebig hill has a small Buddhist temple and shrine set up with an old monk giving blessings to Cambodians that make the pilgrimage to the top. Loads of Cambodians do so on weekends just to get blessed at thisspot. He has holy water that he splashes on the faithful and they believe this spot and this guy are full of good luck, thekind that splashes in their faces. The main temple area is the 11th century Angkor era ruins on the other side of the hilltop area. It’s an interesting structure that still has a few artwork carvings and inscriptions intact, although this temple has also suffered at the hands of looters. The east side of the temple complex also offeres more magnificent views of the area.

Phnom Da

Phnom Da is from the Angkor era, as its style attests. It’s just a short hike from the canal and then up to the top, where there is a good view of the surrounding countryside and part of the canal network that you were just on. The temple itself is basically intact, though it is another victim of looting. The boat ride takes a little under an hour one-way and the ride from Phnom Penh a bit over an hour, so the trip is easily doable from Phnom Penh year round, as a day trip if you don’t want to spend the night in Takeo. If you ride a motorcycle down from Phnom Penh, just lock it up at the small drink stand next to the canal and fast boats in Takeo town. Buy a drink and maybe even give the drink stand lady a small tip (I gave her US$ 1) and the bike will probably be there when you return. If you take the air-con Hoh Wah Genting bus from Phnom Penh, just get off at the Independence Monument and walk or take a moto-taxi to the canal. The following sights are on the way from Phnom Penh and are easy day trips, even if you want to combine a couple of them.

Distances for directions listed throughout this section are from the traffic circle near the Monivong Bridge at the south end of Phnom Penh. There are also highway mileage marker monuments along Highway 2. Complete directions are listed with each, and there is also some additional info at the end of this chapter in Coming and Going.

Phnom Kleng

Phnom Kleng How to go: 12.5 km (19mn) From Provincial Town. Location: Description: Nature Wildlife and Preserves, Location: Takmet Village, Prey Sloek Commune, Treang District.

Phnom Ta Mao (Zoo)

Phnom Ta Mao (Zoo) How to go: Location: Description: Located at Tro Pang Sap village, Tro Pang Sap commune, Ba Ti District, Takeo province. Phnom Tamao can be accessible by the National Road No 2 in 40-kilometre distance from Phnom Penh. Then turning right more five kilometers by a trail, it takes 45-minute drive from Phnom Penh. Phnom Ta Mao is a varied site consisting of temples, mountain, nature and a big zoo in Cambodia. Phnom Ta Mao has 2,500-hectar land area called forest-protected area; in this area, the Department of Forestry has taken 1,200-hectar land area for planning trees and 70-hectar land area for organizing zoo. The 70-hectar landarea consisting of five mountains namely: Phnom Ta Mao, Phnom Thmor Dos, Phnom Phdan Poan, Phnom Chhoy and Phnom Bang. Among the five mountains, two mountains have ancient temples are: - Ta Mao Temple (is located at Phnom Ta Mao): was built in 11th century during the reign of the king, Soryak Varman I dedicated to Brahmanism, the temple made of Thmor silt and red-solid brick, located on the peak of 30-meter mountain of Ta Mao, near Ta Mao pagoda. Now, the temple is damaged and is almost unrecognizable. - Thmor Dos Temple (is located at Phnom Thmor Dos): The temple is located on a 35-meter mountain of Thmor Dos, Northwest of Ta Mao temple and was built in 11th century. The temple made of Thmor silt mad red-solid brick. Now, most of the temples are damaged. The people want to go to this temple to worship than Ta Mao temple. In addition, Phnom Ta Mao has a big zoo in Cambodia; the zoo is under the supervision of the Department of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture and has 84 varieties of animals and birds; two kinds of them are brought from abroad. - There are 150-fourfooted animals consisting of 38 kinds. - There are 300 birds consisting of 38 kinds. - There are 30 reptiles consisting of eight kinds. All these animals are brought here by the Ministry of Agriculture and by seizing from offenders who illegally traffic in wild animals through out Cambodia. To take care these animals, we need to expend US$ 120 per day for food, and 22 staff and workers are working there. The average number of tourists visiting Phnom Ta Mao is 500-600 visitors per week; but during the festivals, there are 7,000-8,000 visitors per week. The local people of four communes around the Phnom Ta Mao are earning money from selling food to tourists. We can extend package-tour program to the above two resorts because these resorts are the popular sites for local and international tourists, and their location is near Phnom Penh. As the sites can attract many tourists, we expect to lure investors to invest in tourist facilitation and constructing the trail from the national Road No 2 to the resorts. The Department of Forestry has a project on constructing an inside trail linking from Tonle Ba Ti to Phnom Ta Mao in Six-Kilometre distance.

Ta Prohm Temple

King Jayavarman VII built this Angkor era temple. The ruins have a number of interesting features about them, including a couple of bas-relief scenes of some of the more unseemly sides of ancient life. The temple has suffered much from looting and the war through the years, but is worth a visit. Just beyond Ta Prohm is a modern-day temple with some more ruins standing in front of it. It’s an attractive combination on the shore of the lake. The turnoff for Tonle Bati and Ta Prohm is just beyond the 33 km highway marker (or 28 km on your odmeter from the Monivong traffic circle). Turn right at the picture billboard of a lake area. Follow this road 1.5 km and go right at the fork. There is a sign that says “Tonle Bati Tourism Area” There is a US$ 2 fee for entering the area, but it’s free for Cambodians.

Tonle Bati

Tonle Bati is a popular lake and picnic area that has bamboo shacks built out over the water that people can rent out for eating and whiling away the day. It’s generally a weekend get-away spot, which means it’s nice and quiet during the week. Locals swim there, but the water does not look real inviting.

There are all kinds of food and drink stands that sell everything you need for a picnic along the lake. Note that there are tours that follow you when you arrive on weekends and try to get you to go to their own place. It’s best to pass right by them and find a spot on your own. Check prices beforehand on everything – they are famous for handing you an outrageously high bill when you depart.

Yeay Pov Temple

Yeay Pov Temple How to go: 45 km (1h:8mn) From Provincial Town. Location: Description: Historical Sites and Buildings, Location: Thnal Teaksen Village, Krang Thnong Commune, Bati District.

Siem Reap Province

Siem Reap Province

Siem Reap is the ancient historical city of the Khmer Empire of the 9th Century. Siem Reap is a small charming city with a river flowing through the center of town. While most tourists spend their time exploring the ancient temple ruins, there are plenty of other diversions in the city. The Tonlè Sap Lake is located here and boat tours offer visitors a glimpse into the traditional Khmer way of life. Floating Villages, sunset cruises and tour of the bird sanctuary reserve of Prek Tuol. Visiting the local stone and wood-carving school or the nearby Silk Farm are also interested options.

Angkor Wat: the “city which is a temple”
Constructed in the first half of the 12th century (1113 – 1150) by king Suryavarman II. Religion: Hindu (dedicated to Vishnu). Art style: Angkor Wat.

Angkor Wat, the largest monument of the Angkor group and one of the most intact, is an architectural masterpiece. Its perfection in composition, balance, proportions, reliefs and sculpture make it one of the finest monuments in the world. This temple is an expression of Khmer art at its highest point of development. Angkor Wat is surrounded by a moat and an exterior wall measuring 1300m x 1500m. The temple itself is 1km square and consists of three levels surmounted by a central tower. The walls of the temple are covered inside and out with bas-reliefs and carving.

Baksei Chamkrong: the “bird who shelters under its wings”
Constructed at middle of the 10th century (947) perhaps begun by Harshavarman I (910-944) and completed by Rajendravarman II (944-968). Religion: Hindu (dedicated to Shiva); may have been a funeral temple for the parents of the king. Art style: transitional between Bakheng & Koh Ker. Baksei Chamkrong is a simple plan with a single tower on top of a square, four-tiered laterite platform of diminishing size 27m at the base and 12m high. Three level of the base are undecorated,

but the top platform has horizontal mouldings around it that sets off the sanctuary.

Phnom Bakheng
Constructed at late 9th century to early 10th century by king Yasovarman I (889-910). Religion: Hindu (dedicated to Shiva). Art style: Bakheng.

The construction of this temple mountain on Phnom Bakheng (Bakheng Hill), the first mayor temple to be constructed in the Angkor area, marked the move of the capital of the Khmer empire from Rolous to Angkor in the late 9th century. It served as king Yasovarman I`s state-temple at the center of his new

capital city Yasodharapura. The foundation of Bakheng is carved from the existing rock edifice rather than the laterite and earthfill of most other temples. Bakheng`s hilltop location makes it the most popular sunset location in the area, offering a view of the Tonle Sap lake and a distant Angkor Wat in the jungle. Often overcrowded at sunset. Elephant rides up the hill are available.

Angkor Thom: “Great city”
Constructed at the end of the 12th century – beginning of the 13th century (1181-1220) by king Jayavarman VII. Religion: Buddhist. Art style: Bayon.

Angkor Thom is a 3km2 walled and moated royal city and was the last capital of the Angkorian empire. After Jayavarman VII recaptured the Angkorian capital from the Cham invaders in 1181, he began a massive building campaign across the empire, constructing Angkor Thom as his new capital city.

He began with existing structures such as Baphuon and Phimeanakas and built a grand enclosed city around them, adding the outer wall/moat and some of Angkor’s greatest temples including his state-temple, Bayon, set at the center of the city. There are five entrances (gates) to the city, one of each cardinal point. Each gate is crowned with 4 giant faces.

Bayon
Constructed late 12th century – early 13th century (1181-1220) by king Jayavarman VII. Religion: Buddhist. Art style: Bayon. Bayon is located in the center of Angkor Thom. Bayon has 54 towers give this temple its majestic character and each tower with four faces oriented toward the cardinal poits.
The best of Bayon are the bas-reliefs on the exterior walls of the lower level and on the upper level where the stone faces reside.

The bas-reliefs on the southern wall contain real-life scenes from the historical sea battle between the Khmer and the Cham. Even more interesting are extensive carving of unique and revealing scenes of every day life that are interspersed among the battle scenes, including market scenes, cockfighting, chess games and childbirth. The surrounding tall jungle makes Bayon a bit dark and flat for photographs near sunrise and sunset.

Baphuon
Constructed at middle of the 11th century (1060) by king Udayadityavarman II. Religion: Hindu (dedicated to Shiva). Art style: Baphuon.

Baphuon is a single temple-mountain sanctuary situated on a high base symbolizing Mount Meru. A rectangular sandstone wall measuring 425 by 125 meters enclose the temple. A special feature is the long elevated eastern approach with 200m supported by three rows of short, round columns forming a bridge to the main temple. Note the unique animal carvings at the walkway entrance, and the large reclining Buddha on the west side which added to the temple at a much later period.

Terrace of the Elephants
Constructed late 12th century by king Jayavarman VII (1181-1220). Religion: Buddhist. Art style: Bayon.

Terrace of the Elephants is an impressive, two and a half-meter tall, 300m in length. It has three main platforms and two subsidiary ones. The orthern section of the wall displays some particularly fine sculpture including the five headed horse and scenes of warriors and dancers.

Terrace of the Leper King
Constructed late 12th century by king Jayavarman VII (1181-1220). Religion: Buddhist. Art style: Bayon.

The Terrace of the Leper King is supported by a base 25m on each side and 6m in height. The sides of the laterite base are faced in sandstone and decorated with bas-reliefs divided into seven horizontal registers. Exterior wall: mythical beings - serpents, garudas and giants with multiple arms, carriers of swords and clubs, and seated women with naked torsos and triangular coiffures with a small flaming discs – adorn the walls of the terrace.

Phimeanakas: “aerial palace”
Constructed at the end of the 10th century – early 11th century (941-968) by king Rajendravarman II. Religion: Hindu. Art style: Kleang.

This temple is associated with a legend that tells of a gold tower (Phimeanakas) inside the royal palace of Angkor the Great, where a serpent-spirit with nine heads lived. The spirit appeared to the Khmer king disguised as a woman and the king had to sleep with her every night in the tower before he joined his wives and concubines in another part of the palace. If the king even missed one night it was believed he would die.
Impressive laterite and sandstone pyramid. The lack of surviving carving leaves it artistically uninteresting, but it is the tallest scalable temple in Angkor Thom, providing a nice view from the top. To the north of Phimeanakas, there are two ponds that were part of the Royal Palace compound.

Preah Khan: the “Secret Sword”
Constructed at second half of the 12th century (1191) by king Jayavarman VII. Religion: Buddhist. Art style: Bayon.

Preah Khan, an extensive 56 hectares Buddhist complex was built in 1191 as a monastery and center for earning by the Khmer king Jayavarman and dedicated to his father Dharanindravarman. The temple, which is located a few kilometers to the northeast of the north gate Angkor Thom, served as the nucleus of a group that includes the temples of Neak Pean and Ta Som, located along the 4km long Jayatataka Baray – the last of the great reservoirs to be built in Angkor.

Neak Pean: the “coiled serpents”
Constructed at the second half of the 12th century by king Jayavarman VII (1181-1220). Religion: Buddhist. Art style: Bayon.

Neak Pean is located in the center of the Jayatataka or Northern Baray and placed on the same axis as Preah Khan. The temple seems to have served as a place where pilgrims could go and take the waters, both physically and symbolically – the Khmer equivalent of a spa. The central pond is a replica of Lake Anavatapta in the Himalayas, situated at the top of the universe, which gives birth to the four great rivers of the earth. These rivers are represented at Neak Pean by sculpted gargoyles corresponding to the four cardinal points. The temple of Neak Pean is set in a large, square, man-made pond 700m each side, bordered by steps and surrounded by four smaller square ponds.

Ta Som: the “ancestor Som”
Constructed at the end of 12th century by king Jayavarman VII (1181-1220). Religion: Buddhist. Art style: Bayon.

Ta Som is a single shrine on one level surrounded by three laterite enclosure walls. There are gopuras on the east and west sides, which are cruciform in shape with a small room on each side and windows with balusters. The superstructures are carved with four faces. Many of the carving are in good condition and display particularly fine execution for late 12th century works. A huge tree grows from the top of the eastern gopura. Ta Som is the most distant temple on the Grand Circuit.

East Mebon
Constructed at second half of the 10th century (952) by king Rajendravarman II (944-968). Religion: Hindu (dedicated to Shiva). Art style: Pre Rup.

East Mebon is a large temple-mountain-like ruin, rising three levels and crowned by five towers. Jayavarman IV, a usurper to the throne, moved the capital from Angkor to Koh Ker in 928. Sixteen years later Rajendravarman II returned the capital to Angkor and shortly thereafter constructed East Mebon on an island in the middle of the now dry

Eastern Baray. The temple is dedicated to Shiva in honor of the king’s parents. Inscriptions indicate that it was also built to help reestablish the continuity of kingship at Angkor in light of the interruption that occurred when the seat of power had been moved to Koh Ker.

Pre Rup: “turn, or change, the body”
Constructed at second half of the 10th century (961) by king Rajendravarman II (944-968). Religion: Hindu (dedicated to Shiva). Art style: Pre Rup.

Architecturally and artistically superior temple-mountain. Beautifully carved false door on upper level, as well as an excellent view of the surrounding countryside. Richly detailed, well-preserved carvings. Traditionally believed to be a funerary temple, but in fact that state temple of Rajendravarman II. Historically important in that it was the second temple built after the capital was returned to Angkor from Koh Ker after a period of political upheaval. The artistically similar East Mebon was the first to be constructed after the return to Angkor.

Chau Say Tevoda
Constructed at the end of the 11th century-first half of the 12th century by king Suryavarman II (1113-1150). Religion: Hindu. Art style: Angkor Wat.

Chau Say Tevoda and Thommanon are two small monuments framed by the jungle, that stand across the road from each other. because of the similarities in plan and form they are often referred to as the brother-sister temples. Chau Say Tevoda is rectangular in plan, with a central sanctuary opening to the east and an enclosure wall with Gopura, originally providing central access points through the wall. Two libraries open to the west occupy spaces in the north-east and south-east corners.

Thommanon
Constructed at the end of the 11th century-first half of the 12th century by king Suryavarman II (1113-1150). Religion: Hindu. Art style: Angkor Wat.

Thommanon is one of a pair of temples strategically placed outside the east gate (victory) leading into Angkor Thom. Thommanon is rectangular in plan with a sanctuary opening to the east, a moat and an enclosure wall with two gopuras, one on the east and another on the west, and one library near the south-east side of the wall. Only traces of a laterite base of the wall remain.

Ta Keo: the “ancestor Keo or the tower of crystal or glass”
Constructed at the end of the 10th century – early 11th century by king Jayavarman V (968-1001). Religion: Hindu (dedicated to Shiva). Art style: Kleang.

Ta Keo is one of the great temple-mountains at Angkor. It was never completed and reason is unknown, although the death of the king may well have had something to do with it. The temple rises to a height of 22m to the sky, giving an impression of strength and power. An innovation at Ta Kao is a porch at each cardinal point on the five towers of the top level. Ta Keo was the first temple built entirely in sandstone as such serves as a milestone in Khmer history.

Ta Prohm: the “ancestor Brahma”
Constructed at the mid 12th century to early 13th century (1186) by king Jayavarman VII (1181-1220). Religion: Buddhist (dedicate to the mother of the king). Art style: Bayon.

Shrouded in jungle, the temple of Ta Prohm is ethereal in aspect and conjures up a romantic aura. Trunks of trees twist among stone pillars. Banyan and Kapok trees spread their gigantic roots over, under and in between the stones, probing walls and terraces apart, as their branches and leaves intertwine to form a roof above the structures.

The monastic complex of Ta Prohm is one of the largest sites at Angkor. A Sanskrit inscription in stone, now removed to the Conservation of Angkor, tell us something about its size and function. Ta Prohm owned 3,140 villages. It took 79,365 people to maintain the temple, including 18 high priest, 2, 740 officials, 2,202 assistant and 615 dancers. Among the property belonging to the temple was a set of golden dishes weighing more than 500 kilograms, 35 diamonds, 40,620 pearls, 4,540 precious stones, 876 veils from China, 512 silk beds and 523 parasols.

Banteay Kdei: the “citadel of the cells”
Constructed at the middle of the 12th century to early 13th century (1186) by king Jayavarman VII (1181-1220). Religion: Buddhist. Art style: at least two different art periods – Angkor wat and Bayon are discernible.

Sprawling, largely unrestored, monastic complex in much the same style as Ta Prohm. It was originally constructed over the site of an earlier temple, and functioned as a Buddhist monastery under Jayavarman VII. As with other works of Jayavarman VII`s era, it is a tightly packed architectural muddle, which like Bayon, suffered from several changes in the plans at the time of construction. It was also built using an interior grade of sandstone and using poor construction techniques, leading to much of the deterioration visible today. Combine with a visit to Srah Srang, which is just opposite the east entrance

Srah Srang: turn “royal bath”
Constructed at the end of the 12th century by king Jayavarman VII (1181-1220). Religion: Buddhist. Art style: Bayon.
Srah Srang is a large basin 700m x 300m bordered by stone steps with an elephant landing terrace of superb proportion and scale. It is a pleasant spot to sit and look out over the surrounding plain.
Originally excavated during the mid 10th century, it has an elephant terrace and a small island near its center on which there are some sandstone remains.

Prasat Kravan: the “cardamom sanctuary”
Constructed at the first half of the 10th Century (921) by king Harshavarman I (910-923) dedicated to Vishnu. Art style is transitional from Bakheng to Koh Ker.

Prasat Kravan consists of five brick towers in a row on one platform, which are decorated with carved, sandstone lintels and columns. All of the towers open to the east.

Banteay Srey: the “citadel of the women”
Constructed at second half of the 10th century (967) by king Rajendravarman II (944-968) and Jayavarman V (968-1001). Religion: Hindu (dedicated to Shiva). Art style: Banteay Srei.

Banteay Srei loosely translates to “citadel of the women” but this is a modern appellation that probably refers to the delicate beauty of the carvings. Built at a time when the Khmer Empire was gaining significant power and territory, the temple was constructed by a Brahmin counselor under a powerful

King, Rajendravarman II and later under Jayavarman V. Banteay Srey displays some of the finest examples of classical Khmer art. The walls are densely covered with some of the most beautiful, deep and intricate carvings of any Angkorian temple. The temple’s relatively small size, pink sandstone construction and ornate design give it a fairyland ambiance. Banteay Srey lies 38km from Siem Reap.

Banteay Samre: the “citadel of the Samre”
Constructed at middle of the 12th century by king Suryavarman II (1113-1150). Religion: Hindu (dedicated to Vishnu). Art style: Angkor Wat.

Large, comparatively flat temple displaying distinctively Angkor Wat-style architecture and artistry. The temple underwent extensive restoration this century by archaeologists using the anastylosis method. Banteay Samre was constructed around the same time as Angkor Wat. The style of the towers and balustrades bear strong resemblance to the towers of Angkor Wat and even more so to Khmer temple of Phimai in Thailand. Many of the carvings are in excellent condition. Banteay Samre is a bit off the Grand Circuit. The trip there is a nice little 3km road excursion through villages and paddies.

Beng Melea
Constructed at early 11th century by king Suryavarman II (1113-1150). Religion: Hindu (dedicated to Vishnu). Art style: Angkor Wat.

Sprawling jungle temple covering over one square kilometer. The temple is largely overrun by vegetation and very lightly touristed, giving it an adventurous, “lost temple” feel. Trees growing from the broken towers and galleries offer some of the best “tree in temple” shots aside from Ta Prohm. Constructed in a distinctly Angkor Wat style under the same king that built Angkor Wat, Beng Melea preceded and may have served as a prototype of sorts for Angkor Wat. Though there are some lintel and doorway carvings, there are no bas-reliefs and the carvings are comparatively sparse. When the temple was active, the walls may have been covered, painted or had frescos. In its time, Beng Melea was at the crossroads of several mayor highways that ran to Angkor, Koh Ker, Preah Vihear (in northern Cambodia). Beng Melea is located 63km east of siem Reap.

Rolous Group
The Rolous Group is a collection of monuments representing the remains of Hariharalaya, the first major capital of the Angkorian-era Khmer Empire. It has become known as the “Rolous Group” due to its proximity to the modern town of Rolous. The ancient capital was named for Hari-Hara, a synthesis of the Hindu goods Shiva and Vishnu. Though there was an existing settlement in the area before the rise of Angkor, Hariharalaya was established as a capital city by Jayavarman II and served as the Khmer capital for over 70 years under four successive kings. Setting the pattern for the next four centuries, the first great Khmer temples (Bakong, Preah Ko, Lolei) and Baray (reservoir) were constructed at Hariharalaya. The last king at Hariharalaya, Yasovarman I, built the first mayor temple at Angkor, Phnom Bakheng, and moved the capital to the Bakheng area.

Preah Ko: the “sacred bull”
Constructed at late 9th century (879) by king Indravarman I (877-889). Religion: Hindu (dedicated to Shiva); funerary temple built for the king’s parents, maternal grandparents, and a previous king, Jayavarman II and his wife. Art style: Preah Ko.

Six towers displaying set on a platform, all beautifully preserved carving. Originally surrounded by walls and gopuras of which only vestiges remain. Preah Ko was one was one of the first mayor temples of the empire at the early Khmer capital of Hariharalaya. Preah Ko derives its name from the statues of bulls at the front of the central towers.

Bakong
Constructed at late 9th century (881) by king Indravarman I (877-889). Religion: Hindu (dedicated to Shiva). Art style: Preah Ko.

The most impressive member of the Rolous Group, sitting at the center of the first Angkorian capital, Hariharalaya. Bakong stands 15 meters tall and is 650 x 850m at the outer wall. Constructed by the third Angkorian-era king as his state-temple, Bakong represents the first application of the temple-mountain architectural formula on a grand scale and set the architectural tone for the next 400 years. The temple displays a very early use of stone rather than brick. Though begun by Indravarman I, Bakong received additions and was expanded by later kings. The uppermost section and tower may have been added as late as the 12th century. Some of the lintel carvings, particularly on the outer towers, are in very good shape. Picturesque moat and vegetation surrounding Bakong.

Lolei
Constructed at the end of 9th century (893) by king Yasovarman I (889-910). Religion: Hindu (dedicated to Shiva); in memory of the king’s father. Art style: transitional between Preah Ko and Bakheng.

Ruins of an island-temple built in the middle of a now dry Baray, Indratataka, the first large-scale baray constructed by a Khmer king. Lolei consists of four brick towers on a double laterite platform. It was the last major temple built at Rolous before Yasovarman I moved the capital to the Angkor area. Though the towers are in poor condition, there are some lintel carvings in very good condition displaying the distinctively detailed Preah Ko style. An active pagoda has been built amongst the ruins.

Tonle Sap Lake and Floating Village
A boat trip on the Tonle Sap is a pleasant break from temple roving and gives you a chance to see a fishing village. You take a boat to the edge of the lake. Along the way you will see the fishermen and their families who live on the water and form the so-called “floating village”

The Tonle Sap is the largest permanent freshwater lake in south-east Asia. As the main source of fishing and agriculture to people living on the surrounding plain, it has played an important role in Angkor throughout history. The lake which is connected to the Mekong River by the Tonle Sap River, joins the Mekong River at Phnom Penh. The hydrological process that caused the lake to increase in size during the monsoon rain, and then recede, is believed to be of importance in maintaining the ecological system of the lake, which include various species of fish and birds.

The Prek Tuol “Bird Sanctuary”
The bird sanctuary at the Prek Tuol core area of the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve has been called “the single most important breeding group in South-east Asia for globally threatened large waterbirds”. The Biosphere covers 31,282 hectares at the northwest tip of the Tonle Sap Lake and plays host to species including Greater and Lesser Adjuncts, Black-headed ibis, Painted Stork, Milky Stork, Spot-billed Pelican, Grey-Headed Fish Eagle and many more species. Of the three Biosphere core area on the Tonle Sap lake,

Prek Tuol is the most accessible from Siem Reap and the most popular with birdwatchers. The best time of year for viewing is the dry season from December to June when flocks of migratory birds congregate at Prek Tuol. As the dry season progresses and the water recedes, the number of birds increases but the travel to some of the more important viewing area becomes more difficult. There are also basic overnight accommodations at the Research Station if you want to stay the night to take full advantage of the sunset and early morning viewing hours.

Angkor Golf Resort
Amidst the ancient temple complex of Angkor Wat and within easy reach of from Siem Reap town, Angkor Golf Resort combines heartwarming Cambodian hospitality with fantastic golf.

Designed by former World number 1 golfer and 6 time major Championship winner; Nick Faldo, Golf Resort is a masterpiece of natural beauty and athletic challenge. To the golfer sizing up the next 18 holes Angkor Golf Resort is a challenging 7,239 yard par 72. Angkor Golf resort is just about 7km from town.

Phokeethra Country Club
Phokeethra Country Club is Siem Reap’s first international golf club. 18-hole, 72 par golf course spread over 155 hectares and stretching 6.53 kms. A combination of paspulum grasses allows for year round golf. There is also a putting green, pitching area, driving range, pro-shop and restaurant.

The club is located along Route #6 in Pouk district 16 kilometers from town.

Helicopter Rides
For an unforgettable trip, helicopter rides provides aerial sightseeing tours over the main Angkor Complex as well as tours of the surrounding temples.

Market Sightseeing In Siem Reap
Walk around the old Psar Chas Market in Siem Reap and see the busy local trading life. Traditional handcrafts abound including silks, silver jewellery, wood carvings, laquerware, and souvenirs. Experience the vibrant colour of the fresh produce market, clothing stalls, household goods and seasonal fruits. There are several markets such as night market, Central Markest, Psar Leu and Psar Krom.

Traditional Dance Shows
Experience dance and music styles of a Khmer dance performance. Discover history and legends of the Kingdom through various types of popular and classical dances performed by the Apsara Dancers. Step back in time to the courts of the Angkorian Kings and wonder at the magnificence of the traditionally styled performers' costumes. This is called “Apsara Dance”.

Kulen Mountain
Phnom Kulen is about 42km north of Siem Reap town. On either side of the mountain, tall waterfalls crash down the mountain; clean, clear and cool water provide a wonderful place for tourists. Carvings of Brahmin Yonis and lingas can be seen etched into the riverbed. A mountain peak temple houses a huge reclining Buddha, gazing serenely out from his peaceful mountain home.

Preah Vihear Province

Preah Vihear Province

Preah Vihear (Khmer: RBHvihar) is a northern province of Cambodia. The Capital is Tbeng Meanchey town. The province is named after the temple of Preah Vihear. Straddling the borders of Laos and Thailand in Cambodia`s far north, Preah Vihear is one of the most remote provinces in Cambodia. But, in the past it was an important place as a result one can be seen of the famous group of temples such as Koh Ker, Preah Vihear, Preah Khan Kompong Svay.

The province is subdivided into 7 districts; Chey Sien, Chheb, Choam Khsan, Kulen, Ro Vieng, Sangkom Thmey & Tbeng Meanchey.
Area : 13,788 km2
Population : 170,852 (2008)
Population Density : 12.4/km2

Tourist Attractions

• Bac Kam Pagoda (17 km from town):
• Koh Ker Temple Complex (72 km from town):

Koh Ker used to be palace of the Khmer emperor by King Jayavarman IV whom built this city in year 921 AD. The Koh Ker was the third ancient capital of Khmer Empire; it may have been the capital for just 15 years. King Jayavarman IV was determined to legitimize his rule through an extensive building program, and left behind 30 major temples and some gargantuan sculpture seen today in Phom Penh and the temple still hidden in the heart of jungles.

• Krapum Chhouk Temple (45 km from south of Tbeng Meanchey): Built in the 1oth century in laterite and sandstone.
• Kork Beng Temple (In Tbeng Meanchey): A ruined laterite and sandstone temple built between 936 and 951 by a commander named Kork on the border of King Jayavarman IV.
• Neak Buos Temple (75km north of Tbeng Meanchey):
• Noreay Temple (32 km northeast of town): 7th century temple made of sandstone, laterite and brick.
• Phnom Pralean Temple (10 km from Tbeng Meanchey): A temple built to worship Brahmanism on top of a 180 meters hill.
• Preah Vihear: Built in the 12th century located between Thailand and Cambodia. It was listed as World Heritage Site on 7th July 2008.

Preah Vihear temple is 108km from provincial town of Preah Vihear. The Preah Vihear temple is located slightly east of the midsection of the mountain range of Dangrek. It is also perched on the edge of a giant cliff, 625 meters above sea level, in the northern part of Preah Vihear province. Lying out on an 800 meters north-south axis, the Preah Vihear complex has a single imposing approach, leading up through a series of five towered entrance pavilions connected by causeways and 120 meters long steps. Stunningly sitting at the top of the Preah Vihear temple, the main sanctuary is surrounded by libraries and other structures.

Its history is mentioned as follow:
In the 9th century, Khmer King Yasovarman I (889 – 900) originally began work on the construction of a small sanctuary then named Sekharesvara “ Lord of Summit” and dedicated to Shiva.

Spiritual development, increased political power and economic growth were factors that inspired the Khmer kings to the architectural imagination. It took more than 300 years to construct the whole temple during the reigns subsequent kings - Suryavarman I (1002 - 1050), Jayavarman VI (1080-1107), and Suryavarman II (1113 – 1150) in the various structures that merged into a homogeneous Hindu universe called magical home of gods.

As a result of its finest carving in situ found there, The Preah Vihear temple was officially declared a World Heritage Site on 7th July 2008 by the 21-Nation World Heritage committee of the UNESCO in Quebec City, Canada.

King’s residence
The king has a residence at Preah Vihear where he would pay homage to the mighty God. The residence has two wings, which were probably shelters for pilgrims. The main temples were used to worship high-ranking supreme divinities, and this mighty group of buildings represents the center of the temple complex.

The Naga Courtyard
The paved courtyard is 7m wide by 31.8m long. From here, a stairway leads up to the first level Gopura. The stairheads are in the form of seven-headed snakes and these faces north towards the Prasat (tower). The heads and tails of the nagas on both sides look like ordinary snakes, and characterize an early example of this type of sculpture. The head portion of the naga on the west side is impressive because it is carved from a single, solid stone.

The First Level Gopura
This pavilion looks Greek in its architectural style and has an elevated cross-plan, rebates and triangular lintels over its doorways. There are also stone lions at each doorway.

The Front Stairway
This is the main passage is on the north side. The stairway is 8m wide and 78m long. The first flight has 162 steps, and at the first landing, there is a large stone lion statue on a stone block. Another flight of 54 steps is 4m wide and 27m long, and leads up to the second landing, which also has a stone lion statue.

Preah Khan Kampong Svay or Ba Kan: (105 km from town)

The Preah Khan complex is the largest enclosure of ancient Cambodia at nearly five kilometres square, bigger than Angkor Thom (3.3 kms sq) and Banteay Chhmar (4 kms sq). The group consists of a central sanctuary and four enclosures with many accessory buildings, basins, a large eight-metre wide moat and temples, some of which are outside the outer enclosure walls. Outside the enclosure is the small pyramid temple of Prasat Preah Damrei of some twelve low tiers. Built in the 9th century, it stands on a terrace and is approached by a series of steps. Enclosed by a laterite wall with four gates, the upper corners of the pyramid is guarded by massive stone elephants. The main eastern approach into the complex is via a large baray, some 600 x 3,000 metres, where a cruciform sandstone shrine, Preah Thkol, occupies an island in the center. At the western end of the baray is an 11th century structure, Prasat Preah Stung, whose sanctuary is surmounted by a central tower with four Bayon-like faces and a remarkable terrace with carvings of 'hamsa' (swans). An ornately carved naga bridge gives access to the main eastern entry gopura, flanked by two smaller entrance halls. The inner walls have galleries and gates and alongside the re-built central sandstone tower are two libraries. The walls are adorned with apsara carvings and a royal pool has been cleared of weeds and foliage. Closeby is a sandstone 'dharmasala' (rest house), similar to the one found at Preah Khan of Angkor.

The main group of temples were built in the 12th century when Preah Khan was home to both King Suryavarman II and later, the future King Jayavarman VII, before the latter defeated the invading Chams, claimed the throne and moved his capital back to Angkor in 1181. The story of his victories are celebrated in bas-relief carvings on the walls of the Bayon and Banteay Chhmar. Located 100 kilometres east of Angkor, the site was studied in the 1870s by Louis Delaporte, who shamefully looted and carried off a number of substantial carvings that are now housed in the Guimet Museum in Paris. However, one masterpiece remains in the National Museum in Phnom Penh and that's a finely sculpted head, believed to be of Jayavarman VII. A millennium celebration at Preah Khan attracted hundreds of locals and vegetation was cleared from the site for the occasion, but it remains a complex very much in its natural state, inundated with trees, scrubs and dense foliage throughout. With the re-emergence of Cambodia's remotest areas from years of inaccessibility.

Phnom Penh City

Phnom Penh Province

The capital city of the Kingdom of Cambodia was founded in 1431 by King Ponhea Yat after the sack of Angkor. Phnom Penh is conveniently located at the junction of four rivers: the upper Mekong, lower Mekong, the Tonle Sap and the Bassac. Phnom Penh was also previously known as Krong Chatomuk “City of four faces”. Phnom Penh is the political, economic, industrial, commercial, cultural, tourist and historic center. The colonial city with French influenced architecture still maintains considerable charm.
The capital is subdivided into 8 Khans; Khan Dang Kor, Khan Meanchey, Khan Russey Keo, Khan 7 Makara, Khan Doun Penh, khan Toul Kork, Khan Chamkarmorn & Khan Sen Sok.
Area : 357 km2
Population : 1,325,681(2008)
Population Density : 4,571/km2

Tourist Attractions

Royal Palace & Silver Pagoda

Firstly the Royal Palace was erected in the reign of King Onhea Yat (1434), and secondly it was erected in the reign King Norodom (1866). The Royal Palace was formerly called "Preah Barom Reach Veang Chatomuk Mongkul" that meant it was conveniently located at the confluence of four rivers. Nowadays it is only called "Preah Barom Reach Veang".

The Royal Palace is a royal residence now where his majesty, the king of Cambodia, and the royal families live. In a common word, it is like a small town of royal dynasties.

National Museum

National Museum Designed by the French George Groslier and “Ecole des Arts Cambodgients” it was built in 1917 in the reign of King Sisowath in traditional Khmer style. The National Museum houses the world’s important collection of ancient Khmer archeological, religious, and artistic from the 4th to the 13th centuries. There are over 5000 pieces are on display including Angkorian era statues, lingas and other artifacts.

Wat Phnom

Wat Phnom is located on a hill 27 meters high in the center of Phnom Penh. The legend of founding Wat Phnom has it that in 1372 Lady Penh (Yeay Penh) fished a floating koki tree out of the river. Inside the tree were four Buddha statues. She built a hill (Phnom) and a small temple (Wat) which is now known as “Wat Phnom”. The current temple was last rebuilt in 1926 and the large stupa contains the remains of King Ponhea Yat who moved the capital from Angkor to Phnom Penh in 1422.

Toul Sleng Genocidal Museum (S 21)

This was a high school prior to the Khmer Rouge regime (1975-79). The museum of Genocidal Crimes it was used by the Khmer Rouge as a detention and torture center in the late 1970 which chronicle the years under the rule of the Khmer Rouge. The building now serves as a museum, a memorial and a testament to the madness of the Khmer Rouge regime. Much has been left in the state it was in when the Khmer Rouge abandoned it in 7th January 1979. The prison kept extensive records, leaving thousands of photos of their victims, many of which are on display. Paintings of torture at the prison by Vann Nath, a survivor of Toul Sleng, are also exhibited.

Cheung Ek Killing Fields

The notorious Killing fields of Cheung Ek is located 15km of Phom Penh. In this place more than 17,000 civilians were killed and buried in mass graves; many of them transported here after detention and torture in Toul Sleng prison.
The memorial at Cheung Ek just outside Phnom Penh was an orchard and a Chinese cemetery prior to 1975. Cheung Ek is now a group of mass graves, killing areas and a memorial stupa containing thousands of skulls and long bones.

Central Market (Phsar Thmei)

The unique, art décor building is a Phnom Penh landmark. Prior to 1935 the area was a swamp/lake that received the runoff during the rainy season. Central market is one of the largest and business markets in Phnom Penh which is a big yellow dome. Built in 1937 by French architects many interesting products are available. Central market in Phnom Penh is a good place to purchase everything from fish and vegetable to second-hand clothes, silk scarves, silverware, gems, antiques and other commodities.

Independent Monument

The independence Monument (Vimean Ekareach) was inaugurated on 9th November 1962 to celebrate Cambodia’s independence from French rule (1863-1952). It was designed by the renowned Cambodian architect, Vann Monyvann.

The Independence Monument is today used to commemorate the souls of combatants and heroes who laid down their lives for freedom of country. It is the site of colorful celebrations and services on holidays such as Independence Day and Constitution Day.

Ounalom Monastery

Built in 1443 to enshrine a sacred hair of the Buddha, and located north of the National Museum of Arts, this temple is considered the seat of Cambodian Buddhism. When the Khmer Rouge evacuated Phnom Penh in 1975, they vandalized the building and murdered the Abbot along with many of the 500 monks who lived there.
Located on the riverfront which is reputedly the oldest Buddhist foundation in the city, probably predating the abandonment of the capital at Angkor in the 15th century. The founding date is variously cited as 1422 and 1443.

National Olympic Stadium

Construction on the National Sports Complex started in 1963 and was completed in 1964. Designer Vann Molyvann made use of massive earthworks to create the stadium, digging up 500,000 cubic meters of earth to shape the grounds.

The stadium might have been built to host the 1963 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, but the games were cancelled due to political problems in Cambodia. There was also the short-lived GANEFO games, and they were held in Phnom Penh, Cambodia in November 25th~December 6th, 1966 and were named

'First Asian GANEFO'. The stadium did play host to appearances by visiting dignitaries and state occasions, and was the home of Cambodia's national athletics teams.

The stadium played a small part in the 1966 FIFA World Cup. Unexpectedly, North Korea faced Australia in a qualifier. Because North Korea lacked dipomatic relations with most countries, finding a suitable venue for the match proved difficult, until Head of State Norodom Sihanouk, an ally of Kim Il-sung, said the matches could be held in Phnom Penh. The matches attracted 40,000 fans, with Sihounouk decreeing half would cheer for Australia, while the other half cheered the Koreans. The matches were held on 21 November 1965 and on 24 November 1965 with North Korea winning both (6–1 and 3–1). Because South Korea and all African teams had withdrawn in protests against FIFA, North Korea were thus directly qualified to the final tournament, where they reached the quarter-final.

Among the facilities are Olympic-size pools for swimming and diving and an indoor volley-ball court with a capacity of up to 8,000, now known as the Olympic Stadium Indoor Arena.

During the Khmer Rouge era, the stadium was used as the site of executions by the Khmer Rouge of officials in the administration of Lon Nol.

Chrouy Changvar Bridge

Known as the Cambodia-Japan Friendship Bridge, it was first constructed in 1966. It was twice mined and destroyed by the Khmer Rouge forces in 1975. It was repaired in 1993 by Japanese funding.

Koh Dach (Silk Island)

For those with an interest in Cambodia silks and silk weaving should go to visit a rural weaving village on Koh Dach. The weaving village is a typical rural Cambodian stilted village, dedicated almost entirely to silk weaving-people operating hand looms under most of the houses, others dying and spinning silk on spinning wheels made of bicycle parts. The boat may stop at Mekong Island (Koh Okhna Tey) and some other weaving houses along the way.

River Boat Cruising

Short river cruises and sunset cruises along the Phnom Penh riverfront are offered an interesting view of the city and watching the daily life of the people living on and around the river. A cruise typically take about 1-2 hours and run up the Tonle Sap river along the central riverfront area providing a picturesque view of the Royal Palace, National Museum, parks and Phnom Penh skyline, and then across the Tonle Sap and up to the Mekong river to view floating fishing villages.

Golf Course

Phnom Penh, Cambodia's laid back capital, has 2 full scale 18-hole golf courses on its western outskirts.

Cambodia Golf and Country Club: is located 35km west of Phnom Penh, Cambodia’s charming capital city, and was the second 18 hole golf course to open in the country in 1996. The 7,000+ yard course is in a pleasant rural setting surrounded by palm trees, native fruit trees, evergreen plants and beautiful flowers, with a sprinkling of rocks. With a backdrop of distant mountains it is a delightful location. The course is relatively challenging with a large number of bunkers to keep you alert.

Royal Cambodia Golf Club: lies 10km west of Phnom Penh, Cambodia’s charming capital city and was the first 18 hole golf club to open in the country. The 7,075 yard course is set in an attractive environment sitting amongst rice paddies and coconut palms. The course is rather flat yet it still provides a challenge with numerous sand and water hazards, including a large lake near the third hole! Being the closet course to Phnom Penh it is popular with local dignitaries, and it is said it is the Prime Minister’s preferred course - perhaps due to the fact he got a hole-in-one here in 2004!

Airport

Phnom Penh International Airport is the second-largest and second-busiest airport in Cambodia. It is located 7 km (4.3 miles) west of central Phnom Penh. Taxis, pick-ups and minibuses leave Phnom Penh for destinations all over the country, but are fast losing ground to cheaper and more comfortable buses. Phnom Penh also has a rail service.

Penh is one of the very few Asian cities with virtually no traffic jams. The modern layout of Phnom Penh is a French creation. Colonial landmarks can be seen all over the capital, including the National Museum and the beautiful art-deco Central Market.

We wish all of you a pleasant stay in Phnom Penh